Income and profit of the financial institutions like commercial banks and financial institutions depend upon its lending procedure, lending policy and mobilizing collected fund through investing in different securities. The greater the credit created by the bank the higher will be the profitability. Some required features of sound lending policy and fund mobilization is explained as under:
a) Safety and Security
Financial institutions should inlets their deposit in profitable and secured sectors. They should not invest their fund in securities of those companies whose securities are too much depreciated and fluctuated because of risk of loss factors. They should accept those securities, which are marketable, durable, profitable and high market price as well as stable. In this case MAST should be applied for the investment.
Where,
M = Marketability
A = Ascertain ability
S = Stability
T = Transferability
b) Legality
Each and every financial institution follow the rules and regulation of the company, government and various directions supplied by Nepal Rastra Bank, Ministry of Finance and on while issuing securities and mobilizing their fund. Illegal securities will bring out any problems to the investors. Lastly, the reputation and goodwill of the firm may be lost.
c) Liquidity
Liquidity is the position of the firm to meet current or short-term obligations. General public or customers deposit their savings at the banks in different accounts having full confidence of repayment by the banks whenever they require. To show a good current position and maintain the confidence, every firm must keep proper cash balance with them while investing in different securities and granting loan for excess fund.
d) Profitability
To maximize the return on investment and lending position, financial institutions must invest their collected fund in proper sectors. Finally they can maximize their volume of wealth. Their return depends upon the interest rate, volume of loan its time period and nature of investment on different securities and sectors.
e) Tangibility
A commercial bank should prefer tangible security to an intangible one. Though it may be considered that tangible properly doesn’t yield an income apart from intangible securities, which have lost their value due to price level inflation.
f)Purpose of Loan
Banks and other financial institutions must examine why loan is required to the customer. If customers do not use their borrowings, they can never repay and the financial institutions will have heavy bad debts. So, they should collect detailed information about the plan and scheme of the borrowing.
g) Diversification
A firm can invest its deposit collection in various securities to minimize the risk. So, all the firms must diversify their fund or make portfolio investment. Diversification helps to earn a good return and minimize the risks and uncertainty. So, the firms are making portfolio investment with different securities of different companies.
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